Dhaka, the bustling capital of Bangladesh, is known for its rich history, vibrant culture, and iconic landmarks like Lalbagh Fort and Dhakeshwari Temple. As the heart of the nation, it offers a unique blend of tradition and modernity, making it a must-visit destination for travelers.
Dhaka is the capital city of Bangladesh.
It is one of the most densely populated and dynamic urban centres in the world.
Situated on the banks of the Buriganga River, it is the political, economic, and cultural heart of Bangladesh.
And it’s pretty wild to visit.
Known historically as the "City of Mosques," Dhaka has a rich history that dates back to antiquity and plays a pivotal role in the region's economy and identity.
Dhaka History
Dhaka Geography
Dhaka Climate
Dhaka Demographics
Dhaka Economy
Getting Around Dhaka
Dhaka Culture
Dhaka Tourism
History of Dhaka
Early History
The history of Dhaka can be traced back over a millennium.
The region was part of the ancient kingdoms of Maurya (322-185 BCE) and Gupta (mid 3rd-6th century CE) and later came under the rule of the Sena dynasty (11th-12th century CE).
Archaeological findings indicate that the area has been inhabited since at least the 7th century CE.
Mughal Era
Dhaka rose to prominence in the 17th century under Mughal rule.
The city was designated the capital of Bengal Subah (province) in 1608 and became a hub of trade and commerce, especially for muslin, a fine cotton fabric highly prized in Europe and Asia.
During this period, Dhaka was also adorned with numerous mosques, palaces, and gardens, earning its nickname as the "City of Mosques."
British Colonial Period
Following the decline of the Mughal Empire, Dhaka came under British control in 1765.
The city experienced a decline in importance during this period, as Kolkata became the primary administrative and economic centre of British India.
However, Dhaka remained a significant regional centre and saw the establishment of educational institutions and infrastructural development.
Post-Partition and Independence
In 1947, the partition of India led to the creation of Pakistan, with Dhaka becoming the capital of East Pakistan.
The city was a focal point of political movements leading to the independence of Bangladesh in 1971. After a brutal liberation war, Dhaka was declared the capital of the newly independent country.
Dhaka Geography
Dhaka is located in central Bangladesh, within the deltaic plains formed by the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna rivers.
The city covers an area of approximately 306 square kilometres and is situated at an average elevation of 4 metres above sea level, making it prone to flooding.
Dhaka Climate
Dhaka has a tropical monsoon climate characterized by three distinct seasons:
- Summer (March to June): Hot and humid, with temperatures ranging from 25°C to 35°C.
- Monsoon (June to October): Heavy rainfall and occasional flooding.
- Winter (November to February): Mild and dry, with average temperatures around 20°C.
Dhaka Demographics
Population
As of 2024, Dhaka’s metropolitan area houses over 22 million residents, making it one of the largest cities in the world.
The population density exceeds 44,000 people per square kilometre.
Ethnic Composition
The majority of Dhaka's population are ethnic Bengalis, with small communities of Biharis, Chakmas, and other ethnic groups.
The city also has a growing expatriate population, primarily due to international business and diplomatic missions.
Languages
Bengali is the primary language spoken in Dhaka, while English is widely used in business and education.
Urdu is spoken among the Bihari community.
Religion
Islam is the predominant religion, practiced by approximately 90% of the population. The city also hosts significant Hindu, Buddhist, and Christian communities.
Dhaka Economy
Dhaka is the economic powerhouse of Bangladesh, contributing around 40% to the country’s GDP.
The city’s economy is diverse, with major sectors including:
- Textiles and Garments: Dhaka is a global hub for garment manufacturing, with exports valued at billions of dollars annually.
- Trade and Commerce: The city’s strategic location and robust infrastructure make it a central hub for trade.
- Technology: The IT sector is growing rapidly, with a focus on software development and outsourcing.
- Real Estate: Rapid urbanization has driven significant growth in the real estate sector.
Getting Around Dhaka
Transport
- Roads: Dhaka’s road network is congested, with traffic being a major challenge.
- Public Transport: The city offers buses, auto-rickshaws, and cycle rickshaws. The Dhaka Metro Rail, inaugurated in 2022, has improved urban mobility.
- Airports: Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport connects Dhaka to domestic and international destinations.
- Waterways: The Buriganga River serves as a vital transport route.
Dhaka Culture
Festivals:
- Pohela Boishakh: The Bengali New Year, celebrated with traditional music, dance, and food.
- Eid: Major Islamic festivals are marked by communal prayers and feasts.
- Durga Puja: Celebrated by the Hindu community with great fervour.
Cuisine
- Traditional Dishes: Savour favorites like biryani, hilsa fish, and pithas (rice cakes).
- Street Food: Try popular street snacks such as fuchka (pani puri), chotpoti, and sizzling kebabs.
- International Cuisine: The city’s diverse dining options include a variety of global cuisines, reflecting its cosmopolitan charm.
Art and Music
Dhaka is a hub for traditional Bengali music, art, and literature.
It is home to numerous art galleries, including the National Museum and Bengal Gallery of Fine Arts.
Dhaka Tourism
Historical Sites
- Lalbagh Fort: A 17th-century Mughal fort.
- Ahsan Manzil: The "Pink Palace," a former residence of Dhaka’s Nawabs.
- Dhakeshwari Temple: A historic Hindu temple.
Cultural Landmarks
- Jatiyo Sangsad Bhaban: The National Parliament House, designed by Louis Kahn.
- Shaheed Minar: A monument commemorating the Language Movement martyrs.
Parks and Gardens
- Ramna Park: A green oasis in the heart of the city.
- National Botanical Garden: A vast area showcasing local and exotic plant species.
Koryo Tours
Bangladesh Travel Guide
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