The National Parliament House in Dhaka is otherwise known as Jatiya Sangsad Bhaban. It is one of the most iconic and celebrated architectural masterpieces in the world. 

Designed by the legendary American architect Louis Kahn, the structure is renowned for its monumental design, ingenious use of light and space, and symbolism. 

Serving as the seat of the National Parliament of Bangladesh, the building is a functioning centre of governance as well as being a global architectural landmark.

Location of National Parliament House
National Parliament House Design and Architecture
History and Construction Timeline of Parliament House
Visiting Parliament House

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Parliament House Location

The Parliament House is located in the capital city of Dhaka, in the Sher-e-Bangla Nagar area. 

The building is set within a sprawling 200-acre complex that includes manicured gardens, artificial lakes, and residential buildings.

The site is easily accessible from all parts of Dhaka and serves as a focal point of urban planning in the city.

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Design and Architecture of Parliament House

Louis Kahn’s design for the Parliament House combines modernist principles with traditional Bengali elements. 

His vision was to create a structure that symbolised democracy, unity, and openness.

The Parliament House is widely regarded as one of the greatest architectural achievements of the 20th century. It has inspired architects and students worldwide and is frequently featured in discussions on modernist architecture.

Key Features

• Geometric Simplicity: The design incorporates circles, squares, and triangles.
• Concrete and Marble: Primary materials used, emphasising durability and simplicity.
• Light and Shadow: Innovative use of openings and corridors to create interplay.
• Symbolism: Reflects openness and transparency, core tenets of democracy.

Main Building

The main building is an eight-story structure with a height of 155 feet (176m).

Key components include:

• The Assembly Hall: A large circular space at the centre, topped with a dome, seating up to 354 members.
• Light Courts: Allowing natural light to flood interior spaces.
• Water Features: Surrounding the structure to provide cooling and aesthetic appeal.

Other Buildings

The complex also includes:

• Offices: For parliamentary committees and administrative functions.
• Library: Housing legal and legislative archives.
• Residences: For the Speaker, Deputy Speaker, and other officials.

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Parliament House History and Construction

The project was initiated in 1959 during Pakistan’s rule over East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). 

Louis Kahn was commissioned to design the building, and he envisioned a timeless structure that celebrated democracy and cultural identity.

Construction Timeline

• 1961
Construction begins under the supervision of Kahn and local engineers.
• 1971
Work halts during the Bangladesh Liberation War.
• 1982
The building is finally completed and inaugurated.

Today, the Parliament House serves as the seat of the Jatiya Sangsad (National Parliament).

Here, laws are debated and passed, committees convene, and national ceremonies are hosted. 

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Visiting Parliament House

The National Parliament House is a popular attraction in Dhaka, though access to the complex is restricted for security reasons.

Guided tours are sometimes available, offering a chance to see more of this iconic building.

However, after the 2024 summer riots, interior tours have been paused due to damage. Visitors can still view the impressive exterior and explore the surrounding area.

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