A Guide to Bamiyan, Afghanistan's Most Popular Tourist Destination (updated 2024)
Bamiyan is a city in central Afghanistan.
It serves as the capital of Bamiyan Province and is one of the most popular places in Afghanistan for tourists to visit.
Bamiyan Name
Bamiyan Geography & Climate
Bamiyan History
Bamiyan Demographics
Bamiyan Economy
Visiting Bamiyan
Visiting Band-E-Amir
Where to Stay in Bamiyan
Introduction to Bamiyan
Known for its archaeological heritage and natural beauty, Bamiyan is most famous for the ancient Buddhas of Bamiyan.
They were destroyed by the Taliban in 2001.
Despite the destruction, the city remains an important historical site. You can still visit these Buddhas today. Bamiyan is also home to Afghanistan’s first national park, the Band-E-Amir. One of the most popular attractions for both foreign and domestic tourists in Afghanistan.
The Name of Bamiyan
The name "Bamiyan" is believed to be derived from the Sanskrit words "Vihara" or "Vimāna," referring to a Buddhist monastery or temple.
Bamiyan was historically a centre of Buddhist learning and culture, and its name reflects the region's ancient ties to Buddhism and Indian influence.
Over time, the city became known as a cultural crossroads between Central and South Asia.
Geography and Climate of Bamiyan
Bamiyan is situated in the central highlands of Afghanistan, approximately 240 kilometres northwest of Kabul.
The city is located in a valley at an altitude of 2,550 meters (8,370 feet) above sea level, surrounded by the Hindu Kush mountain range.
Covering an area of around 3,500 square kilometres, Bamiyan is characterized by rugged terrain, with steep cliffs and rocky outcrops.
Driving through Bamiyan’s mountainous landscape is something truly unforgettable.
Weather in Bamiyan
Thanks to the high altitude of Bamiyan, the city experiences a continental climate, with cold winters and mild summers.
Winter temperatures can drop as low as -20°C (-4°F), while summer temperatures average around 20°C (68°F).
Visiting in winter is not recommended due to the cold climate and snow on roads connecting Bamiyan and Band-E-Amir with Kabul.
In fact, it is one of Afghanistan’s coldest inhabited areas!
Bamiyan receives more precipitation than other parts of Afghanistan, with annual rainfall averaging around 400 mm. This is mostly in the form of snow during winter and early spring.
History of Bamiyan
Bamiyan in the Ancient and Medieval Era
Bamiyan has a long history that dates back to at least the 2nd century CE when it became an important centre of Buddhism.
The city was part of the ancient Kushan Empire. This empire facilitated the spread of Buddhism across Central Asia.
Bamiyan’s strategic location along the Silk Road made it a vital link for trade and cultural exchange between India, China, and Persia.
During this period, the city became known for its Buddhist monasteries and the construction of large statues of the Buddha, carved into the cliffs overlooking the valley.
Today, these are known as the ‘Buddhas of Bamiyan’.
The region remained a centre of Buddhist culture until the 10th century when it was gradually replaced by Islamic influence.
Bamiyan came under the control of various Muslim dynasties, including the Samanids and the Ghaznavids. The city suffered significant damage during the Mongol invasions in the 13th century, particularly under Genghis Khan, who reportedly destroyed much of the region in retaliation for resistance by local rulers.
Bamiyan in the Modern Era
In more recent history, Bamiyan became part of the Durrani Empire in the 18th century and was later integrated into the modern Afghan state.
The city gained international attention in 2001 when the Taliban destroyed the famous Buddhas of Bamiyan, claiming they were idols contrary to Islamic beliefs.
The destruction was widely condemned and resulted in international efforts to preserve Bamiyan’s remaining cultural heritage.
Despite challenges, Bamiyan has since seen efforts to rebuild and develop the region. In 2003, UNESCO designated the Cultural Landscape and Archaeological Remains of the Bamiyan Valley as a World Heritage Site.
Bamiyan region is also home to the Band-E-Amir, Afghanistan’s first National Park.
Demographics of Bamiyan
Bamiyan has a population of approximately 100,000 people, primarily consisting of ethnic Hazaras, who make up the majority in the region.
The Hazara community, predominantly Shia Muslims, is distinct from the Sunni Muslim majority found in other parts of Afghanistan.
Bamiyan is also home to smaller communities of Tajiks and Pashtuns.
The primary language spoken in Bamiyan is Dari, a dialect of Persian, with Hazara people often speaking Hazaragi, a variety of Dari.
Economy of Bamiyan
Bamiyan’s economy is predominantly agricultural, with residents relying on farming.
The fertile Bamiyan Valley allows for the cultivation of wheat, barley, and various fruits but the harsh winters, however, limit agricultural productivity.
In addition to agriculture, Bamiyan has a growing tourism sector. It attracts both domestic and international visitors interested in its historical sites and natural beauty.
Tourism in Bamiyan
Getting to Bamiyan
Shared Taxis: Approx. 6 hours from Kabul, depending on your mode of transport. Note: The Bamiyan bus station is 40 mins away from Kabul centre and there is usually a 1 hour stop off for lunch & toilet break.
Private Car: Approx. 4 hrs for private vehicles depending on traffic & road conditions.We left at 8am, can leave earlier.
It’s a scenic and pleasant ride, and the roads are generally fine.
Safety in Bamiyan
Bamiyan was recently in discussion due to safety concerns. In the middle of 2024, Bamiyan was the site of an incident where a tourist group was shot at, resulting in several casualties (both foreigners and locals).
Today, it continues to be a popular tourist destination. You may be requested to do more regular check-ins with local authorities.
Historical Sites in Bamiyan
Buddhas of Bamiyan -
The Buddhas of Bamiyan were among the most iconic symbols of Afghanistan’s cultural heritage.
Although they were destroyed, the niches where the Buddhas once stood remain a popular tourist attraction.
Cost: 500 (combined with ancient city).
Details: Destroyed by the Taliban in 2001, there were two monumental statues carved into the cliffs, one of 55 meters and one at 33m.
Notes: At least 1 - 2hrs here. You can explore both the Buddhas and the surrounding caves, as well as the blown-up pieces of the Buddhas lying at the bottom. It’s quite a walk (about 10 minutes) between the Buddhas. At the second (smaller) one, you can climb up the stairs here to the top of where the Buddha used to be and explore the small rooms used by pilgrims visiting and monks who would live there.
Ancient City of Gholghola -
Cost: 500 Per person - includes a ticket to see Buddhas.
Details: The City of Gholghola, also known as the "City of Screams," is a ruined city with a tragic history. It was destroyed by Genghis Khan in the 13th century.
Notes: 1hr stop, 10-20 minute drive out of the main area. A real must-see, not only is this city epic but the views are, too.
Natural Attractions in Bamiyan
Band-e Amir National Park -
The Band-e Amir National Park, located about 75 kilometres from Bamiyan, is Afghanistan's first national park and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The park is famous for its series of deep blue lakes, formed by natural dams of travertine. Band-e Amir is a popular destination for both local and international tourists, offering opportunities for boating, hiking, and picnicking.
It is a 3 hr drive from Bamiyan.
Note: Both local women and women in general are not easily permitted here.
Dragon Valley -
Cost: N/A
Details: Dragon Valley, or Darya-e Ajdaha, is a dramatic landscape of rock formations and cliffs. Legend has it that a dragon once lived here, turned to stone by a holy man.
Notes: 20 mins from the centre. Gorgeous views of the valley down to the village and the surrounding mountains. You can walk along the top where you’ll come to a spring with salty water flowing out of it. The locals drink this water and to be fair, it’s only a hint of salt.
Cultural Attractions in Bamiyan
Women Craft Market -
Cost: N/A Details: The Art Bazaar in Bamiyan showcases the work of local artisans.
Notes: This is a truly incredible place. 300 women are working here at the artisan market. They make their own items and run the stores themselves. They all have official permits provided to them by the government financial departments.
Where to Stay in Bamiyan?
Bamiyan Hotel - Roof of Bamiyan
Cost: 1,500 single; 2,000 double.
Incredible hotel offering the best views in Bamiyan of the Buddhas of Bamiyan.
You can stay in traditional mud huts on the roof and even get a view of the Buddhas from your bedroom if you’re lucky! The bottom floor has a lounge and dining area and more rooms for those who don’t like to stay in the mud huts.
From the roof, there is incredible scenic views of Bamiyan and the surrounding mountains. You can order dinner to hotel to eat in the lobby.
Koryo Tours
Afghanistan Travel Guide
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